Viết theo cấu trúc Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định – Non-defining relative clauses
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Defining clause (xác định) |
Non-defining clause (không xác định) |
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The boy who lives next door is having a party tonight. |
Darren, who lives next door, is having a party tonight. |
Ví dụ:
- Subject relative pronouns: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho chủ ngữ
This is my friend Jane, who has just returned from Italy.
Mike’s car, which is only six months old, broke down last night.
- Object relative pronouns: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ
The woman next door, who/whom I met for the first time last week, is moving next month.
That book about the First World War, which I finished last week, was really interesting.
- Possessive relative pronoun:
Amanda Lovelace, whose husband died last year, has now lost her job.
This is our son John, whose friends you will be meeting at the party later on.
Lưu ý:
- Khi có giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề quan hệ thì chỉ được dùng whom hoặc which
- Marjorie Campbell, on whom we have all depended so much, has just announced her
- The new pedestrian crossings, about which there has been much discussion, are going to be in use from the beginning of next month.
- Khi giới từ đặt cuối mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng đại từ như bình thường
- Marjorie Campbell, who/whom we have all depended on so much, has just announced her retirement.
- The new pedestrian crossings, which there has been much discussion about, are going to be in use from the beginning of next month.
Bài tập:
1. When I was in town, I met your sister. She was shopping for some clothes.
When I was in town, I met your sister, who was shopping for some clothes.
2. Their house needs a lot of work doing to it. It is near the beach.
Their house, which is near the beach, needs a lot of work doing to it.
3. Sandra’s just got a new job with Capital Insurers. It’s a much better company than the last one she worked for.
Sandra’s just got a new job with Capital Insurers, which is a much better company than the last one she worked for.
4. The new manager seems to be a very capable woman. I met her last week.
The new manager, who/whom I met last week, seems to be a very capable woman.
5. This case is full of books. I carried it all the way from the station.
This case, which I carried all the way from the station, is full of books.
6. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many years.
The Games International Company, which we have done business with for many years/with which we have done business for many years, has just gone bankrupt.
7.The hospital has handed out redundancy notices to all its staff. It is due to close down next year.
The hospital, which is due to close down next year, has handed out redundancy notices to all its staff.
8. The prisoners are requesting more time out of their cells. Their families are campaigning on their behalf.
The prisoners, whose families are campaigning on their behalf, are requesting more time out of their cells.
9. The new government is now facing major problems. It came to power with a lot of public support.
The new government, which came to power with a lot of public support, is now facing major problems.
10. Her latest novel is really good. I read it on holiday.
Her latest novel, which I read on holiday, is really good.
11. The Home Affairs Minister is suspected of being involved in a financial scandal. The opposition have accused the minister of lying.
The Home Affairs Minister, who/whom the opposition has accused of lying, is suspected of being involved in a financial scandal.
12. The Education Department is changing its policy on single sex schools. Mrs Parkinson is in charge of the department.
The Education Department, which Mrs Parkinson is in charge of/of which Mrs Parkinson is in charge, is changing its policy on single sex schools.
13. The Lilley and Swan department store has made reductions on most of its goods. The store has a sale on at the moment.
The Lilley and Swan department store, which has a sale on at the moment, has made reductions on most of its goods.
14. The principal doctor could hardly speak last night due to sore throat. He normally has a wonderful voice.
The principal actor, who normally has a wonderful voice, could hardly speak last night due to a sore throat.
15. The sales manager is planning a new advertising campaign. I support her ideas.
The sales manager, whose ideas I support, is planning a new advertising campaign.