Active voice to Passive voice

Viết theo cấu trúc câu bị động

 

Cấu trúc chung nhất của bị động: BE + P2

 

ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE VOICE
S + V-S/ES + O Someone cleans the floor every day.	S + IS/AM/ARE + P2 The floor is cleaned every day.
S + IS/AM/ARE + V-ING +O We are redesigning our website at the moment.	S + IS/AM/ARE + BEING + P2 Our website is being redesigned at the moment.
S + HAVE/HAS+ P2+O Someone has found a small design on our latest chip.	S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN+P2 A small design fault has been found on our latest chip.
S + V-ED + O Our boss founded the company in London in 1848.	S + WAS/WERE + P2 Our company was founded in London in 1848.
S + WAS/WERE + V-ING +O We only noticed the mistakes when we were printing the brochures.	S + WAS/WERE + BEING + P2 We only noticed the mistakes when the brochures were being printed.
S + HAD + P2+O They emailed us to say that they had delayed the shipment.	S + HAD + BEEN+P2 They emailed us to say that the shipment had been delayed. None of their orders had been fulfilled.
MODAL VERBS (CAN, COULD, MAY…) + V They will deliver the goods next Tuesday.	MODAL VERBS + BE + DONE The goods will be delivered next Tuesday.
BE GOING TO V They are going to delay the shipment.	BE GOING TO BE + P2 The shipment is going to be delayed.
PERFECT INFINITIVE: MODAL VERB + HAVE + P2 Someone should have sent the fax yesterday.	MODAL VERB + HAVE + BEEN + P2   The fax should have been sent yesterday.

 

Lưu ý:

• Chủ ngữ của câu bị động (S) là tân ngữ (O) của câu chủ động
• Khi có địa điểm và thời gian trong câu thì thứ tự sẽ là

S + V + O + place + time

• Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là các đại từ không xác định hoặc nghĩa chung chung như they, someone, someboby, people… thì không cần phải để by them, by someone, by somebody…
• Kiểm tra động từ “to be” được chia ở câu mới theo chủ ngữ số ít hay số nhiều

Bài tập:

Change the following sentences into passive voice

1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.
2.  Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.
3. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.
4. We use this room only on special occasions.
5. You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission.
6. In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles.
7. Someone switched on a light and opened the door.
8. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.
9. They are pulling down the old theatre.
10. Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in?
11. The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots.
12. The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning books.
13. The police asked each of us about his movements on the night of the crime.
14. Someone will serve refreshments.
15. People must not leave bicycles in the hall.
16. Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they must return them.
17. The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door.
18.  I've bought a harp. They are delivering it this afternoon.  (Don’t change the first sentence)
19.  Someone has already told him to report for duty at six.
20. They rang the church bells as a flood warning.